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Innovative Depression Treatments Many people suffering from depression have difficulty to find a treatment they can accept. Some people experience a lack response to medication or have intolerable adverse effects. Table 2 shows that intrinsic health benefits of scaling up effective coverage are substantial. The discounted value of these benefits is $399 billion for depression and $169 billion for anxiety disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) TMS utilizes a magnetic field to deliver brief pulses of current to specific brain regions that appear to be overactive in depressed patients. The therapy is noninvasive and does not require anesthesia. It is also highly efficient and well-tolerated when compared to antidepressant medications. The person who receives TMS is sitting in a chair similar to a dentist's chair. A trained technician puts an instrument with a coil of magnetic material against the frontal area of the head. The coil's pulses are rapid and the user may feel or hear a clicking sound on their scalp. Each magnetic pulse (measured in hertz or Hz) is known as a “pulseor pulse. The frequency of pulses can vary from low (1 pulse every second) to high (10 per second). The treatment is not painful however the magnetic field can affect the cells of the outer layer. It depolarizes cortical neurons and the transynaptic effect may affect the brain's deeper regions that are involved in mood. For instance, a higher-frequency TMS over the left dorsolateral pf cortex (DLPFC) can enhance mesolimbic neurocircuits, which regulate emotional responses. TMS can be utilized as an alternative to psychiatric medication, and some insurance plans cover the treatment. You should check with your insurance provider to determine what you're covered under your plan. In clinical studies, TMS showed significant and sustained improvements to depression symptoms when compared with placebo. During the TMS treatment course, a patient may undergo up to 30 sessions over the course of a few weeks. Patients suffering from severe depression may require a more prolonged course of treatment. Some of the newest TMS treatments employ a lower frequency pulse, which is less likely to trigger adverse effects such as seizures. While the procedure is still considered to be experimental, it's a promising treatment for those who aren't responding to psychotherapy and antidepressants. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) The brain's natural chemicals are balanced by ECT. It is one of most effective and safest treatments for depression. It can also be used in other mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. The ECT procedure takes place in a hospital or outpatient treatment center. The procedure is performed by medical professionals. Before the procedure the general anaesthetic will be administered to ensure that there is no discomfort. The ECT team will use equipment to monitor your heart rate, blood-pressure and oxygen levels, as well as brain waves. You will receive an anti-muscle relaxant to keep you relaxed and a mouthguard to protect your teeth. Two discs made of metal (bilateral ECT) or a single disc (unilateral ECT) are placed on your head one on each side or in the middle of your forehead. The anaesthetist will then give you an injection of medication that will put you to sleep. You will be awakened in the ECT room. A member of the ECT staff will answer any questions you might have. You will be asked to complete a consent form prior to you undergo the treatment. It is recommended to have a trusted friend or family member with you when you are being told about ECT because it could be difficult to absorb all the information at once. You should be given at least 24 hours to consider the treatment prior to having to make a decision. During the procedure, you'll be able to experience brief seizures or fits that last between 40 seconds to two minutes. The ECT doctor will adjust the amount of electrical pulses you receive based on your response. You will likely have short sessions of ECT. Usually 6-12 sessions are scheduled two times a week. It is unclear what exactly ECT is able to work. However, it appears to trigger the release of certain chemicals that aid brain cells to communicate. guidelines for treating depression appears to alter the way that parts of your brain develop. ECT is effective in treating suicidal thoughts, severe depressions as well as catatonia secondary depression and other psychiatric issues. Studies show that half of those who undergo ECT improve and remain well for a year or more. It is especially beneficial for those who aren't responding to medication or other psychosocial treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) Deep brain stimulation is a surgical technique that involves implanting electrodes into the brain. The electrodes are attached to a small device that sends electrical impulses to the region of your brain which controls symptoms. The pulses could help reduce your symptoms and increase your quality of life. DBS can treat a variety of conditions such as movement disorders like Parkinson's or essential tremors, as well as psychiatric conditions such as obsessional-compulsive disorder and depression. It can also help reduce seizures in people with epilepsy. It can also treat severe pain from brain and nerve conditions. DBS is a successful treatment for many patients with TRD and can be used in conjunction with other treatments such as ECT. However it is important to understand that not all patients can benefit from DBS. Some patients do not experience any improvement in their symptoms, while others may even have worsening symptoms of depression. This non-response may be caused by a combination factors that include patient-related factors, such a personality traits or psychiatric co-morbidity and also clinical factors like a misdiagnose or suboptimal DBS target. Researchers used a machine learning algorithm to identify changes in LFPs, which were observed during intraoperative DBS exposure. The results showed that a decrease in depression symptoms was linked with changes in beta power. These results suggest that DBS could be used to predict the severity of antidepressant effects. This theory needs to be tested by more research. Although DBS is a proven treatment for movement disorders and a growing array of psychiatric conditions but it is not widely recognized as a reliable depression treatment. The FDA has approved DBS to help reduce seizures in people with difficult-to-treat epilepsy. Studies are currently being conducted to determine whether DBS can be used in treating depression. You should discuss the DBS procedure with a neurologist before undergoing it. The neurologist will examine you and recommends the appropriate treatment for you. They will inform you of the advantages and dangers of DBS. You should also inquire about any tests or preparations you might require before the procedure. You may require a blood-test, imaging and other tests prior to the procedure. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy is among the most commonly used kinds of psychotherapy and has been proven effective in a number of different outcome studies. It is usually used as a standalone treatment but it may be used in conjunction with medication in some instances. CBT is a form of psychotherapy that assists you to change negative thoughts and behavior contributing to depression. It is based upon the notion that how you see and react to situations is more important than the situation itself. It is an active type of psychotherapy that focuses on problem-solving, identifying and changing unhelpful thinking patterns and identifying abnormal thinking patterns. The purpose of CBT therapy is to assist you to become your own therapy. It does this by helping you alter your thinking and behave. It uses exercises and home sessions as well as out of session to teach new skills. CBT is focused on current issues and problems and not on past experiences or the root causes. However, it does take a certain amount of information about your personal history to be able to recognize and tackle issues in the here and now. CBT is usually a short-term treatment, lasting between 6-20 sessions. It is an empirically based therapy and its duration is determined by whether you meet the goals you set at the start of therapy. It is a highly intensive and demanding therapy that requires a high level of commitment and dedication from you. Other cognitive behavioral treatments could be beneficial for you. They include acceptance and commitment therapy, which will teach you to be positive even when you are experiencing negative thoughts or emotions. dialectical behaviour therapy which treats suicidal thoughts that are persistent and self-injury. Also, psychotherapy for interpersonal relationships that aims to address relationship issues that can be a contributing factor to depression. There are many exciting new treatments that could bring revolutionary results to people with depression. Certain treatments are available. For example, deep brain stimulation. A surgeon places electrodes in your brain to send pulses that alter the electrical activity contributing to your symptoms. There are many other advances in research, such as customized medication for depression. This could eliminate the need to trial and error to determine the best treatment for you.